Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essay Example

Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing Essay Another way that time orientation differs is in whether a culture concentrates on the past, the present, or the future. Work and school orientation : People in united states are supposed to work , they are also expected to finish school o they can learn an occupation and support themselves in their adult life. E. G. The predominant culture in the united states stresses that everyone should be employed be employed productively (called the Protestant work ethic) and that work be a pleasure and valued in itself (as important as the product of the work). Other culture do not value work in itself but see it as only a means to an end (you work to get money or food, not satisfaction). Family Orientation : Family structure and the roles of family members are other lifestyle that are culturally determined. Please see different types of families) Male and Female Roles : In most culture , man is the dominant figure. In such a culture, if approval for hospital admission or therapy is needed , the man is the one who gives this approval. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sociocultural Aspects of Maternal and Child Health Nursing specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In a culture in which men are very dominant and women are extremely passive, a woman may be unable to offer an opinion of her own health or be embarrassed to submit to a physical examination, especially from a male some cultures, the woman may be the dominant person in the family. The oldest woman in the home would be the one to give consent for treatment or hospital admission. Religion : Religion guides a persons overall life philosophy. It influences how people feel about health and illness, what foods they eat, and their preferences about birth and death rituals. E. G. Asks in Jehovah refused blood transfusion. Health Beliefs : Are not universal . It is generally assumed in developed in countries that illness is caused by documented factors such as bacteria, viruses, or trauma. In other countries, however, illness may be viewed primarily as punishment from God or an evil spirit, or as the work of a person who wishes to harm to the sick persons Nutrition Practices : Food and their methods of preparation are strongly culturally related. E. G. Food and their methods of preparation are strongly culturally related Pain Responses : A persons response to pain is a final category that is both individually and culturally determined Jacob et al. , 2008). Although all people may have the same threshold sensation (the amount of stimulus that results in pain), their pain threshold (the point at which the individual reports that a stimulus is painful) and pain tolerance (the point at which an individual withdraws from a stimulus) vary greatly. Strategies to help recognize cultural influences on pain perception are to: a. Appreciate that the meaning of pain varies among cultures; b. Appreciate that not all people communicate or express their level of pain in the same way; c. Recognize that communication of pain may not even be acceptable within a culture; d. Develop an awareness of your personal values and beliefs and that they may affect how you respond to people in pain; and e. Use an assessment tool, such as 1-10 scale, to assist in measuring pain so you are certain that you are being objective as possible.

Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers free essay sample

The tariff also helps protect jobs in the industry that has eliminated the foreign competition but a negative impact is felt because it causes the consumer to pay more for a product that is imported (Hill, 2004). If a country it prone to levy tariffs on items that an organization may need, it would increase the risk of doing business while located in that company. By having a Country manufacture Or produce product that can be done for less elsewhere is not a wise utilization of resources and in turn harms global trade.When foreign countries can enter a home country and sell product for less, people usually see this as a great trade opportunity. However, if that product is manufactured in the home country then the home country not only loses revenue from sales on that product but the economic impacts can run even deeper. With no need to manufacture that product companies will no longer need to purchase the raw materials or hire the employees necessary to maintain the demand. We will write a custom essay sample on Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To eliminate this from occurring or to impose a type of trade restriction on a foreign country tariffs and non-tariffs are utilized.General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATE) was succeeded by the World Trade Organization monitors tariffs and promotes free trade Hill, 2004). Tariffs can protect the local industries that face competition from imported goods by imposing tariffs. Tariffs are effective and widely used to protect the local industries from foreign competition (Sarcastic, 2006). However, this protection comes with an economic cost, where consumers have to pay a higher price to imported goods, which effectively lowering their buying power and leads to inefficient allocation of resources.Tariff is a tax applied to an import and is one of the oldest trade policies in effect. This tax is generally revenue for the host countrys government. There are two types of tariffs; specific tariff and ad valor tariff (Hill, 2004). A specific tariff applies a set tax to a certain import. If a specific tax of fifty cents were applied to wine then the government WOUld gain 50 cents from every bottle coming into the United States without regard to the price of the wine. An ad valor tax is applied at a fixed percentage of the value of the import (Sarcastic, 2006).If there were a 1. 5% tax levied against the wines, then three dollars would be gained in tariff revenue on each 200-dollar bottle of wine and only here cents on the two-dollar bottle. Non-tariff trade barriers are other mechanism that is used by the government to further protect the domestic industries. One of the examples of Non-tariff trade barrier is domestic content requirement. Domestic content requirement not only protect the local industries, it also helps the supporting industries to prosper and gain a larger market share.Non-tariff barriers are restrictions imposed upon countries such as voluntary export restrictions, antiquating and subsidies, quotas (Hill, 2004. Voluntary export restrictions (EVER) is when a country limits the number of product being exported to a certain country in order to gain favor or to diffuse a situation in which trade tensions are running high. A second type of barrier is a quota. Quota is another form of tariffs where the government restricts the quantity of goods that can be imported into the country.It is usually combine with the use of import taxes, whenever a firm imports a certain goods and it exceed the quota amount, higher tax will be imposed on the remaining goods (Hill, 2004). Quotas not only increase the rice of imported products but it can also affect the price of domestically manufactured products. If the product that is under the quota criteria is used to manufacture the domestic item then it too in turn will cost more to manufacture and this cost is then translated in the price to the consumer.The third type of non-tariff barrier is antiquating. Dumping is when a country sells a product in a foreign country for less than it would sell in its own country (Understanding the WTFO, 2006. ) When products are introduced to a market in this manner it will do harm to the local businesses. GATE and WTFO legislation support antiquating when it can be shown that the local economy has suffered a loss. The last type of non-tariff is a subsidy. A subsidy is a payment to a domestic industry by their government (Sarcastic, 2006).Subsidies aide the domestic businesses by enabling them to compete against foreign markets in their home country and by helping them export so that they can compete in the global trade system as well. Agricultural businesses are the most common industries that receive subsidies (Hill, 2004). Subsidies benefit domestic industries by making it more competitive but the cost is kicked up by taxes paid into the government by the citizens Of that country. Import licenses are other effective trade barriers.Instead of setting a quota, government would only have to control the number of licenses issued. Under the import-licensing scheme, importers are required to obtain license for each and every shipment they intend to import. Exchange rate is another issue that might form a trade barrier ONTO, 2006). Global financing can be a risky venture. Tariff can make it very difficult to accurately judge whether or not to approve a risky venture. A financing institution must take a thorough look at all sides of the puzzle.If the financing institution is expecting a certain amount of goods to export or import, it must take into consideration that tariffs can oftentimes caused those numbers to fluctuate. It is very important to manage the risks associated with tariff barriers. These barriers can restrict the profit level of any company and cause a surplus of good that a company will have to count as a loss. Global trade is most effective when a country utilizes its resources most efficiently.Countries that can produce products at lower price than other countries can manufacture and export that product while importing product in which it may not be as efficient in producing. When all countries participate in free trade, it stimulates the global economy. When barriers are imposed upon countries it limits the amount of trade can result in retaliation and the consumer is left to pay higher prices. Sometimes restrictions on imports and exports are instituted to protect consumers or the environment. But oftentimes tariffs are used to keep out competitive products that may be available for a reduced cost.

Crime Scene Processing Protocol essays

Crime Scene Processing Protocol essays In the order of completing a work task certain criteria to complete the work task is needed. Crime scene processing is no different than other work related tasks such as exchanging a motor in a car, painting a portrait or preparing a meal. There are certain tasks related to each work objective. In the field of crime scene processing, several books and television programmes have been written and aired on what these tasks are and how they should be incorporated into the field of crime scene processing. Yet each book or television programmes focus only in the technique used, not in the change of the basic protocol used for the processing of crime scenes. However there is a basic scene protocol that should be adhered to in all crime scenes. The first step in processing a crime scene is interview. The crime scene technician must interview the first officer at the scene or victim to determine the theory of the case. Basically supposedly happened, what crime took place, and how was the crime committed. This information may not factual information but it will give the crime scene technician a base from which to start. The second step is to examine the crime scene. Examine the crime scene to determine if the theory of the case is supported by what the crime scene technician observes. Examining the scene to identify possible items of evidentiary nature, identify the point of entry and point of exit, and getting the general layout of the crime scene. Photograph the crime scene as the third step in the protocol. Photographing the crime scene to record a pictorial view of what the scene looks like and to record items of possible evidence. Crime scene photographs are generally taken in two categories, overall views and items of evidence. Sketch the crime scene is the fourth step in the protocol. A rough sketch is completed by the crime scene technician to demonstrate the layout of the crime scene or ...

Skin Care Essays - Cosmetics, Eye Shadow, Lipstick, Human Skin Color

Skin Care Essays - Cosmetics, Eye Shadow, Lipstick, Human Skin Color Skin Care Throughout the late 1800's and until the present, cosmetics and skin care have been important in the lives of women in America. Certain trends have come and gone, just as some have remained. In the past 100 years, the roles and lives of women have changed drastically, but their cosmetics have always been around. Charm books along with step-by-step manuals give us today a look into the past. Advertisements are also a great source of history. Using these means, central themes in cosmetics can be determined, almost simply. Throughout the past century, pleasing your man, looking natural, and being a sophisticated, contemporary woman with a fresh young look, have been important to the cosmetic companies and to their female consumers. In the late 1800's, cosmetics were being produced and sold to college-aged women and older. However, a large hypocrisy was occurring. Women were being told that it was necessary to wear cosmetics, however, it was vain to wear noticeable make-up. It was quoted from St. Paul's Magazine that, "If a girl has the trial of a complexion so bad that the sight of it gives one a turn, it is simply a duty for her either not to go into society at all, or, if she does, to conceal it?you have no right to inflict your misfortunes on everybody-it is an unpardonable offense against good taste" (Williams 113). The women of this time were being bombarded with mixed messages. Their problems with this hypocrisy were settled to only wearing a light powder and rouge. Colors worn were usually corals and peaches because brighter colors would not provide the appropriate image that the woman was trying to convey. Their goal was to convey a natural glow that healthy women possessed. There were the years when women were slapping their cheeks and biting their lips to draw 'natural' color to their face. It was also quoted that, "Every college girl's room should be fitted with a mirror, so that even when immersed in her studies the young lady should not be negligent of her appearance" (Williams 113). Even 100 years ago, women were being forced to be aware of their appearance at all times. The early 1900's brought about a slight change in women's cosmetics. Lipsticks were the norm and mascara and eyeshadow were emphasized as necessary for eveningwear. This came about after the First World War. Also, in the 1920's, class lines were being broken. The flappers came out smoking cigarettes, cutting their hair, and wearing cosmetics that "did not harmonize their facial make-up" (Williams 134). Many other women followed parts of these trends and it was no longer possible to tell a woman's social position from her appearance. Then again in the 1930's, women went back to more natural and softer hues. Women were being told that the older they were, the more make-up they were using would help them look their best (Williams 147). The goal at this time was to keep your man guessing if your complexion was natural or not. Depilatories were used to remove unwanted hair sprouting from the face and bleaches were used to fade aging spots. Here, pleasing your man and reverting back to youth play an important role in the cosmetics being used by women. In the 1950's, charm and the essence of being a 'perfect little woman' were important. Inner beauty was seen as one's charm, where outer beauty was their passport to the world (McLeod 37). Step-by- step charm books gave women the instructions to be pretty and popular. Never forget, "perfect make-up is date bait" (McLeod 52). Home skin care remedies were used as well as following a strict daily regimen, including diet, hair care, and housework. Following a regimen was seen as good for one's health (McLeod 41). On into the 1960's, skin care was a big issue. However, many misconceptions were going around. Women were told that oily skin resulted from their improper mental attitude and improper breathing, just as dry skin was caused by poor function of the master gland (Jones 8). In the 1960's, the art of camouflage was necessary to perfect one's facial features and provide a natural look (Jones 32). Since skin care was such

Traning Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traning Methods - Assignment Example I will discuss four methods of training in this essay, namely, apprenticeship, simulation, role playing and in-basket method. The apprenticeship training provides workers with comprehensive training both on and off the job in the practical and theoretical aspects of the work required in a highly skilled occupation. A typical apprenticeship program usually requires two years of on-the-job experience and about 180 hours of classroom instruction but this varies depending of the job requirements. Like other on-the-job training methods, its main objective is the development of the skills of the employee. An advantage of this method is that the employee does not have to make major adjustments at work unlike off-the-job trainings. The disadvantage is that employees sometimes find this method stressful because of the fear of damaging an equipment or having large amounts of wastage; thus, resulting to a hindrance to his learning process. Another method of training is the simulation method. Th is method is used for jobs which require operating equipments which are dangerous or too expensive such as the job of a pilot. In this case, simulators of the equipment are designed and set up away from the actual work situation. The advantage of this training method is that the job hazards are removed and opportunities for repeated practice can be done without being too costly for the company.

Death penalty information center. Web site evaluation Essay

Death penalty information center. Web site evaluation - Essay Example The life of a human being, or for that matter any animate being, has an inalienable right of dignity and sustenance irrespective of whether social law dictates otherwise. According to this fact, no man has the right to kill another living being regardless of the intention. The system of capital punishment is a brutal ideology, which instead of respecting the value of life, forces upon us an artificial perspective of legality which tries to prove that punishing a criminal with a similar crime is ethical. There are several groups and resources in and around the world that voice their disapproval of this method of punishment and which shows us clearly that even though the penal code of justice was designed by man to streamline society, many of its nuances do not have complete consent of the society it is trying to protect. Among the various websites advocating the abolishment of the death penalty, one which stands out is the Death Penalty Information Center having abundant information o n the subject as well as all the ongoing campaigns being worked out in the various states of America. The choice of this website is based on the evaluation criteria that have been selected to judge its relevancy and results in the field of legal amendments to the section of the penal code on capital punishment. Among the criteria used in evaluating the website, first and foremost is the accuracy of the information and the credibility of the site authorities, following which is the periodicity of the available information and last but not the least are the proffered methods by which the general public can contribute to the cause as well as make use of the tremendous detail of reports on death penalty. On the initial visit to the DPIC website, one is amazed at the level of proficiency with which the subject of capital punishment is dealt with and would definitely be impressed by the amount of work that has gone into the preparation and maintenance of the site. It is clear that the concerned personnel behind DPIC are not amateurs and to validate this detail, the visitor is presented with an exemplary Board of Directors list when the 'Contact' or 'About DPIC' link is clicked. In very many cases we find that a professional and business like website lacks the simplistic feel and ease of getting around for a general visitor, but DPIC is so neatly designed to make the visitor comfortable in accessing the information in an organized fashion. The extensive information provided has been cited from various newspapers articles, books and television that were cross checked and found to be legitimate. The media sources are multifarious and give an authentic impression of the view subscribed by people from various walks of life about the death penalty. Clippings from news broadcasts, interviews and radio talk shows as well as a wealth of videos enables us to analyze real life accounts of families of murder victims and death row prisoners as to how the law is framed in injustice for what is being done. There maybe instances where visitors to DPIC may feel bombarded with vast amounts of information and statistical data, although not a single one of them deviates from the central theme of abolishment of the death penalty. But what we must keep in mind while analyzing the claims of this advocacy website as being a leader among other sites pertaining to the same subject, is that the expected visitor is more likely to be a relation or an acquaintance of a murder victim or a death row inmate, a student interested in the field of law or a researcher in social demographics with respect to crime and punishment. The statistical information provided, when the 'Facts' link is clicked, is vital to any research candidate and the thoroughly organized manner in which the information is laid out on the site is beneficial to quick finds and relevant gathering of data.

Code of ethics guideliness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Code of ethics guideliness - Essay Example (ANA Provision 3) In such a scenario, I would not give out any information about the patient despite their popularity in the society; moreover, the patient being a prominent public figure does not give a reason to invade their privacy as a patient. Additionally, every nurse has a duty to maintain confidentiality of all patient information so as to avoid peril, especially when there is a strong relationship between the nurse and the patient, and the nurse acquires redundant information about the patient. Significantly, in such a situation, it is my duty and responsibility as a nurse to let the information being requested confidential both for the safety of my patient, which is the primary factor and also the safety of my profession as a nurse. Being offered a reasonable amount of money, in such a case should not have any impact on my judgment or decision; as a nurse I’m required to act appropriately to all situations put the well being of the patient first. Accepting bribes is an unprofessional act especially when it relates to invading their privacy; am expected to maintain and preserve my integrity and moral respect as a nurse. (ANA, Provision 5) Description and Purpose of ANA Code of Ethics Code of ethics for nurses are used and considered to be a guide for practicing nursing responsibilities and duties in a way consistent with quality in nursing care and the profession’s ethical obligations. The American Nurses Association (ANA) code of ethics is a summary of the significant wide-ranging values, duties and responsibilities that are consistent with the role of being a nurse. The professional to code relationship is an important feature of the practitioner’s moral life that requires interpretation at times. (ANA 2001) The American Nurses Association (ANA) defines three key purposes of the code of ethics even though they are other general aspects and principles of the code; these three major purposes are considered to be normative and autho ritarian. The first purpose of the code is to provide moral rules that help steer the deeds of the nurses in general while the second is that it pertains across the scale of the common nursing roles like research, patient care and education; and recognizing the nurses’ obligations and placing them in moral relationship to the society is the third purpose of the code. Generally, the code of ethics is also said to be an expression of professionalism i.e. nursing, since having it corresponds to everyone in the system and environment of the specific profession. Another implied purpose of the code of ethics is to define the sane meaning of being a nurse, encouraging a more articulate, inclusive professional identity. (ANA 2001) How I Plan to Use the Code of Ethics to My Advantage As a professional nurse, I will strive to ensure that I use all the provisions of the code of ethics as a basis or foundation of my profession in all situations putting the patients first above everything else and not forgetting myself as of the fifth provision. I will ensure that all patient information is kept confidential and only accessible to the concerned parties or in cases where I’m required to provide the information as a reference to be used in ensuring the well being of that particular patient. I rightfully understand the